Contents
page of the issue February 2008
EQUINE
Cs. Jakab, S. Veres, S. Izing, Gy.
Szabó: Occurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic skin
changes in horses. Part 2. Immunohistochemical examinations on sarcoid
samples / 67
BOVINE
Gy. Szemerédi, L. Kocsis, I.
Kovács: Significance of stable specific protection in the
decrease of loss caused by claw disorders (dermatitis digitalis) / 75
POULTRY
Cs. Nemes, D. Szalay, K. Ursu, V. Palya,
R. Glávits: Turkey coronavirus enteritis in Hungary. Part
1. Literature review / 80
RABBIT
A. Bónai, Zs. Szendrő, Zs. Matics,
H. Fébel, R. Pósa, G. Tornyos, P. Horn, F. Kovács,
M. Kovács: Effect of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi
(Toyocerin®) on caecal microflora and fermentation in rabbits / 87
SMALL
ANIMALS
S. Gy. Fekete: Etiology,
evaluation and dietary treatment of overweight and obesity. Literature
review / 96
B. Rösch: Autoimmune,
subepidermal, vesicular dermatosis in cat – Case report / 106
G. Abraham, F. R. Ungemach: Medical
treatment of chronic cardiac failure in dogs and cats / 110
ZOONOSIS
H. J. Tietz, R. Hämmerling: Zoophil
dermatophytae on humans and antropophil dermatophytae on animals / 121
STATEMENT
Statement on situation of
the state veterinary service operating within the framework of
Agricultural Special Administrative Office (L. Fodor, B. Harrach, S. Mile, L. Solti,
J. Varga) / 126
IN
MEMORIAM
László Czebe
(1932–2007) (I. Varga) / 128
Cs. Jakab – S. Veres – S.
Izing – Gy. Szabó:
OCCURRENCE
OF NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC SKIN CHANGES IN HORSES. PART 2.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXAMINATIONS ON SARCOID SAMPLES
The authors briefly
summarize the basic principals of immunohistochemical (IHC) methods.
They describe the results of the IHC examination of twelve equine
sarcoid samples, using KI-67 proliferation marker, anti-vimentin,
anti-desmin, anti-melan-A and anti-S-100 protein. The proliferation
index detected with KI-67 marker was 8.53% in the examined biopsies.
Applying anti-vimentin the tumorous fibroblast cells of the sarcoid
showed intensive strong positive reaction in the cytoplasm. The
anti-desmin tests ended negatively in the sarcoids, but the erector
muscles of the furs and the smooth muscle cells positioned in the
tunica media of the small arteries in the intact skin tissue gave
positive cytoplasmic reaction. With the anti-melan-A reaction the
authors found positive reaction both in the epithelial layer of the
sarcoids and in the pigment cells of the basal layer of the overlapping
intact superficial and follicular epithelium. The reaction with the
anti-S-100 protein was negative in the sarcoids, but Schwann cells of
the periferial nerves in the chorium and the subcutis were positive.
According to the results of
the IHC tests, the authors suggest to use, as an internal control, the
erector muscles of the furs and the smooth muscle cells positioned in
the tunica media of the small arteries in the intact skin tissue for
the desmin, the basal melanocytes for the Melan-A, and Schwann cells of
the periferial nerves in the chorium and the subcutis for the S-100
protein during the evaluation of the IHC results of equine skin samples.
Gy. Szemerédi – L.
Kocsis – Cs. Csorba – I. Kovács:
SIGNIFICANCE
OF STABLE SPECIFIC PROTECTION IN THE DECREASE OF LOSS CAUSED BY CLAW
DISORDERS (DERMATITIS DIGITALIS)
The authors examined on a
cattle holding of 1000 dairy cows one of the claw disorders causing the
highest economic loss, mainly on large scale holdings, and its
aetiology. Dermatitis digitalis caused 25–28% loss a year on the
holding.
In 39 samples from 59
diseased cows (66.1%) bacteria of Bacteriodes genus and in 6 samples
(10.1%) fusobacteria were isolated.
On the basis of the
examinations, they prepared inactivated farm specific vaccines adsorbed
to aluminium-hydroxide gel from the two anaerobe bacterium strains.
They vaccinated 25 healthy pregnant heifers 6 weeks before the presumed
calving twice with a 3 week interval. Heifers of the same number
remained as control. During the one year observation period 19 animals
from the vaccinated ones (76.1%) remained healthy. From the
unvaccinated animals 10 animals (40%) remained healthy during the one
year observation period.
The vaccination was also
carried out on 25 animals suffering from claw disorders. They found no
difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated animals.
On the basis of the
examinations it can be stated that the vaccine against claw disorders
gives cc. 75% protection for a year.
Vaccination of diseased
animals with the farm specific vaccine gave no results.
Cs. Nemes – D. Szalay – K.
Ursu – V. Palya – R. Glávits:
TURKEY
CORONAVIRUS ENTERITIS IN HUNGARY. PART 1. LITERATURE REVIEW
Turkey coronavirus
enteritis has been a well known disease in the scientific literature
since 1951. The presence of this disease in Hungary has been suspected
for long, but occurence has not been proven, yet. The first part of the
publication focuses on the most important characteristics of the
pathogen agent, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease. The second
part offers an insight into the occurence of the disease in Hungary and
the outcomes of the authors’ own research.
A. Bónai – Zs.
Szendrő – Zs. Matics – H. Fébel – R. Pósa – G. Tornyos –
P. Horn – F. Kovács – M. Kovács:
EFFECT
OF BACILLUS CEREUS VAR. TOYOI (TOYOCERIN®) ON CAECAL MICROFLORA AND
FERMENTATION IN RABBITS
In commercial rabbit meat
production, a major part of the breeding loss results from diseases of
the digestive system, occuring mainly (about 25%) around weaning
(between days 18 to 50). Beside economic losses, this disease has a
negative influence on animal welfare, as well. Antibiotics are still
widely used to reduce mortality of the growing rabbit, although there
is an increasing human health and food safety concern about drug
residues in meat products. As an alternative to in-feed antibiotics,
the effect of a probiotic, i.e. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi was examined
in rabbits. One group of Pannon White does (Group T) was fed on a diet
containing 200 ppm Toyocerin (2x105 B. c. spores/g feed), while the
other group (Group K) received an antibiotic free diet with the same
chemical composition. Kids consumed the same diet as their mothers (K
and T) until weaning. After weaning at age of 28 days, all litters were
divided into two groups, one fed on the same diet as before (KK, n=37
and TT, n=46), while the diet of the other two groups was changed (KT,
n=38 and TK, n=44). Supplementation of the does’ diet significantly
improved the weight gain of the kids. The weight of K rabbits
(389±8 g) was significantly (P<0.05) lower at 3 weeks of age
compared to treated (T) animals (462±12 g). This could be
presumably due to the better milk production of the does. The
difference in body weight between the two groups was still marked on
week 4. During the whole experimental period (4 to 6 weeks) body weight
gain (54 g/day) and feed conversion (2.0 g/g) proved to be the best in
group KT. Morbidity and mortality was lower in animals fed on
supplemented diet after weaning. The most impressive change was
observed in the number of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal
tract. Caecal chyme of K rabbits contained significantly higher
coliform germ count on day 21 (5.9 CFU log10/g chyme). On week 5 adding
Toyocerin into the diet significantly decreased the bacterial count in
groups KT and TT (2.0 CFU log10/g chyme). For coliforms the count of
103–104 bacteria/g chyme in group TK could be considered as
physiological, but the count of 105 in KK rabbits is considered to be
of high risk from the animal’s health point of view. Total volatile
fatty acid concentration was around 66–80 mmol/kg after weaning in all
groups, though in the TK and TT groups it was temporarily raised above
100 mmol/kg in the 4th week.
Gy. S. Fekete:
ETIOLOGY,
EVALUATION AND DIETARY TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. LITERATURE
REVIEW
During urban way of living
the balance of the three maintaining factors of the normal live weight,
namely the intensity of basal metabolism, physical activity and energy
intake gets upset, and the animal grows fat. The degree of overweight,
besides weighing can be evaluated by condition scoring and if possible,
by the evaluation of the total body composition, using body mass index
or DXA-measurement. The generally accepted design of the slimming diet
is of cyclic-periodic nature. First a target body weight should be set,
according to the breed standard. Calculating the maintenance energy
requirement of this target live weight (LW), is calculated, and the 60%
of it is given for two-three weeks. This reduced daily energy needs can
be calculated using the following equations: 0.523x0.6=0.314 MJ
ME/W0.75 for dogs and 0.285x0.6= 0.171 MJ ME/kg of LW for cats. The
corresponding amount of feed is given for 2 weeks and, for the purpose
of liver regeneration, the feed appropriate to 100% for the next 2
weeks. It may last even for half a year but the chance of hepatic
lipidosis is decreased. For the diet the best is dog or cat food from
which many are commercially available. Veterinary supervision is
essential. After reaching the optimal condition the task is keeping it.
For this purpose the author gives the following advices: keeping the
daily proportion accurately, giving feed of high ballast ratio. At the
end the author briefly present the available therapeutic opportunities.