Contents
page of the issue Februar 2006
INFLUENZA
B. Lomniczi: History of influenza
virus infections with reference to H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in
East Asia / 67
BOVINE
A. Répási, J.-F. Beckers, J.
Sulon, J. Reiczigel, O. Szenci: Effect of prostaglandin
treatment on corpus luteum, plasma progesteron concentration and on
graafian follicle. Secondary communication / 82
PORCINE
T. Süveges: Severe skin
changes associated to primary parakeratosis in sucking piglets / 86
Addition–Remark (J. Szabó) / 92
SMALL
ANIMALS
P. Csébi, A. Arany-Tóth: Radiological
and CT-examination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in small
animals / 95
S. Wilhem, M. Löwenstein, U. Truyen: Detection
of parvovirus antibody with fast-test in the small animal practice / 103
Forging ahead of endoscopy
(editorial article) / 107
WILD
ANIMALS
J. Juhász, G. Gere, S. Andrikovics:
Aspergillus fumigatus infection of black-headed gulls (Larus
ridibundus) / 109
Z. Zomborszky – Sz. Nagy:
Development of the cryopreservation technique of red deer epididymal
spermatozoa. Preliminary communication / 111
ZOONOSES
D. Ebrecht, E. Müller:
Zoonoses in rabbits / 114
FOOD-HYGIENE
I. Barna-Vetró, E. Szabó, J.
Schrett, Iné Szigeti, L. Sziráki, L. Solti: Fast
determination of drug-residues in the milk with ELISA-test / 120
ALMA
MATER
Diploma giving ceremony /
127
BOOK
REVIEW
P. Prélaud, D Rosenberg, P. de
Formel: Endocrinological diagnosis in the small animal practice
/ 128
B. Lomniczi:
HISTORY
OF INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTIONS WITH REFERENCE TO H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA
OUTBREAKS IN EAST ASIA
Relationships of influenza
viruses and their hosts are overviewed as a historical process. First,
infection by harmless avian influenza viruses is presented including a
great diversity of hosts (wild aquatic birds) and viruses (Figure 1).
Ancient evolutionary processes, such as delineations according to
primary hosts and/or geography as well as creation of novel gene
combinations by reassortments leading to present diversity are
described. Then infections in secondary host species (chicken, man,
horse and swine) emerged during civilization are outlined that were
initiated with colonisation by primitive viruses from the natural
hosts, a process that is still continuing (Figure 2). Disease forms
which had emerged in secondary hosts due to unnatural keeping of
animals and change of virus properties are detailed. The influence of
these factors on the genesis of epidemics is also treated. Namely, the
transition from sporadic forms, that manifest in outbreaks caused by
highly pathogenic strains due to local mutation of their low pathogenic
version, to typical acute epidemic (Figure 3). Circumstances, including
high density poultry populations, mixed keeping of land-based poultry
and water-fowls as well as multiple ressortment of viruses in the
region are discussed as major factors in eliciting the unprecedented
territorial spread of the current H5N1 Asian epizootic and the
emergence of duck pathogenic strains that contaminated the natural
reservoir.
T. Süveges:
SEVERE
SKIN CHANGES ASSOCIATED TO PRIMARY PARAKERATOSIS IN SUCKING PIGLETS
The author diagnosed
parakeratosis in sucking piglets in many pig holdings. Diagnosis was
confirmed by the typical macroscopic and histopathological changes,
presented also on pictures (in cases without complications,
non-inflammatory pathological keratinisation of the dermal epidermis,
sometimes of the multilayered epithelium of the tongue, dilatation of
perspiration glands – hyperhidrosis) and also excluded skin diseases
considerable from the point of view of differential diagnosis.
He recommends for the
prevention of the disease zinc supplementation of the feedstuffs of
pregnant and milking sows and sucking piglets according to demand, and
elimination of factors preventing zinc absorption and utilization
including infections causing malabsorption.
P. Csébi – A.
Arany-Tóth:
RADIOLOGICAL
AND CT-EXAMINATION OF THE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES IN SMALL
ANIMALS
The authors briefly present
the anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and the process
of radiological and CT-examinations. They give the radiograph and
CT-image of the healthy region. From the frequent changes, they present
in details the radiological image of tumours, aspergillosis, rhinitises
of different origin and foreign body. They emphasise the importance of
CT-examination in the differentiation between inflammatory and
neoplastic processes.
J. Juhász – G. Gere
– S. Andrikovics:
ASPERGILLUS
FUMIGATUS INFECTION OF BLACK-HEADED GULLS (LARUS RIDIBUNDUS). CASE
REPORT
The authors caught and kept
under good hygienic conditions 29 1–12 days old black-headed gull
nestlings, seemed to be healthy, for feeding and performance-biological
experiments. After 3–4 days the animals showed dyspnoeic clinical signs
with good appetite and after some days 80% of them died in spite of
vitamin treatment. In the lung and on the air sacs tiny greenish-yellow
loading were found from which Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured. In
the collection area similar clinical signs and death of high proportion
was observed among the wild gull. The infection was probably caused by
the mouldy straw placed in the gulls’ living area for the purpose of
weed control.
Z. Zomborszky – Sz. Nagy:
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE CRYOPRESERVATION TECHNIQUE OF RED DEER EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA.
PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION
An improved red deer sperm
processing protocol is discussed briefly. This protocol contains the
steps of the collection, processing and cryopreservation of post mortem
collected epididymal spermatozoa of hunted red deer stags. During the
roaring season of 2004, epididymal sperm samples of five red deer stags
were collected post mortem. Samples were processed in a commercial
bovine semen extender, filled into 0.25 ml straws, then they were
frozen by holding in liquid N2 vapor. Initial and post-thaw motility
was assessed visually. Post-thaw motility was acceptable in case of
every stag. This protocol will allow to build a red deer sperm bank by
collecting and freezing spermatozoa of the stags hunted in Hungary.
I. Barna-Vetró – E.
Szabó – J. Schrett – I. Szigeti – L. Sziráki – L. Solti:
FAST
DETERMINATION OF DRUG-RESIDUES IN THE MILK WITH ELISA-TEST
The authors report about
direct, competitive ELISA tests for determination of three drug
residues (gentamicin, sulphamethazine, sulphadiazine) in milk samples
based on monoclonal antibodies. The assays have been validated by the
most important reliability data e.g. specificity, measuring range,
detection limits (Table1, 2, 3 and 4 ) reproducibility (Table 5 and 6)
as well as accuracy (Table 7,8 and 9).
The preparation of milk
samples is simple as they are used directly, without any extraction, in
the test. The quality parameters of the developed ELISA-tests meet all
the EU-requirements related to the determination of 100 µg/kg
residue in milk. Gentamicin: measuring range 0.1–10 ng/ml, detection
limit of 0.03 ng/ml. Sulphamethazine: measuring range 25–1000 ng/ml,
detection limit of 10 ng/ml. Sulphadiazine: measuring range 2,5–50
ng/ml, detection limit of 1.5 ng/ml.
Thus, the developed ELISA
tests can be used both for preliminary screening and for quantitative
determination of drug residues in milk.