Contents
page of the issue January 2006
WELCOMING
OF THE NEW YEAR
EQUINE
S. Izing, G. Bodó, F. Szabó,
A. Tóth, J. Molnár, K. Machay, J. Kovács: Radial
shock wave therapy in equine orthopedics / 6
POULTRY
B. Lomniczi: History of Newcastle
disease. 2. Ecology of Newcastle disease virus and the origin of the
disease / 13
SMALL
ANIMALS
T. Neuberger: Radiosynoviorthesis:
new method for the treatment of inflammatory-rheumatoid and
degenerative arthritic diseases in small animals / 28
F. Höhner: Safety and
efficiency of meloxicam (Metacam®) as perioperative analgesic on
the basis of 3714 cases in dogs / 31
LABORATORY
DIAGNOSTICS
L. Szeredi: Detection of Listeria
monocytogenes by immunohistochemistry method from domestic ruminants
and chinchilla / 35
P. Zs. Fekete, N. Nógrády,
F. Olasz, B. Nagy: The role of mobile genetic elements in the
horizontal spread of tetracycline resistance and virulence of certain
Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria / 39
D. Kálmán, L. Egyed: Detection
of bovine herpesviruses from wild ruminants, goats and sheep. Secondary
communication and short literature review / 48
ZOONOSES
V. Kopřiva: Oral immunisation
against rabies and its effect on the epidemiological situation of
rabies in Slovakia / 54
VETERINARY-HISTORY
A century of alma mater –
told in statues (1905–2005) (F. Kutas)
/ 58
EVENTS
21th Symposium of the
European Embryo transfer Society (Keszthely, 9–10 September 2005) (J. Rátky, F. Flink) / 5
Phytotherapeutic Day
(Biatorbágy, 22 October 2005) (Á.
Mátray) / 61
LETTER
TO THE EDITOR
Start of official meat
inspection in Sopron (1507) (F. Havas)
/ 62
IN
MEMORIAM
István Kőházi
(1942–2005) (K. Busák)
/ 63
György Szenttornyay
(1929–2005) (Gy. Bodolai) / 64
S. Izing – G. Bodó –
F. Szabó – A. Tóth – J. Molnár – K. Machay – J.
Kovács:
RADIAL
SHOCK WAVE THERAPY IN EQUINE ORTHOPEDICS
The authors describe a new
treatment method used in the field of equine orthopedic disorders. This
technique is known as „shock wave therapy” in the English and
„Stoßwellen Therapie” in the German literature. It opens new
opportunities for treating different tendon injuries, like
periarticular exostoses, calcification in tendinous tissues, and
different chronic changes of the suspensory ligament. Preliminary data
of 4 suspensory ligament, 3 superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), 2
deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and one proximal interpharangeal
joint injuries are described by the authors.
B. Lomniczi:
THE
HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE. 2. ECOLOGY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AND
THE ORIGIN OF THE DISEASE
Present relationships of
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and its hosts are used to infer events in
the ancient history of the virus. In addition to reservoirs that are
taken as evolutionary units of virus–host associations, common
ancestors are also used as tools in the reconstructions (Figure).
Primordial (wild water-bird species) and artificial (chickens)
reservoirs are distinguished in which the evolution of primitive
(apathogenic) and derived (pathogenic) viruses, respectively, are
followed. It is hypothesized that the chicken reservoir was seeded with
apathogenic viruses of the primary reservoir and pathogenic strains
emerged in the chicken host. Prior to the immunization period, at least
two independent colonisations could taken place (with genotype I and
II) whereas after introduction of vaccination a novel strategy of
generating virulent genotypes must have emerged. It is noteworthy that
tertiary reservoirs were established by seeding novel hosts
(cormorants, pigeons and geese) only with viruses of recent genotypes
(V, VI and VII, respectively).
L. Szeredi:
DETECTION
OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY METHOD FROM DOMESTIC
RUMINANTS AND CHINCHILLA
The author describes the
detection of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes with immunohistochemistry
(IHC) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of
chinchilla in one case, cattle in 10 cases, sheep in 9 cases and goat
in 2 cases. L. monocytogenes was found in 8 cattle, and in all sheep
and goats of the 21 ruminants with suspected listeriosis in the brain.
The bacterium was observed in large number in and around the necrotic
foci accompanied with inflammation in the brain of the ruminants, and
in the liver and spleen of chinchilla. The IHC gives the opportunity to
detect L. monocytogenes also in such cases, where beside of
formalin-fixed material no unfixed material is available for
bacteriological examination.
P. Zs. Fekete – N.
Nógrády – F. Olasz – B. Nagy:
THE
ROLE OF MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL SPREAD OF TETRACYLIN
RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA BACTERIA
Several mobile genetic
elements (transposons, integrons, pathogenicity islands) are playing
important parts in the horizontal transfer of virulence genes of
pathogenic bacteria. The prevention and therapy of the disease due to
these bacteria is often hampered by antibiotic resistance of these
bacteria that may also be due to horizontal gene transfers.
The author's investigations
were directed to the two farm animal species being under most intensive
antibiotic treatments. They aimed at the PCR detection and typing of
tetracycline resistance (tet) genes of Salmonella (S. Hadar and S.
Typhimurium) and of E. coli (enterotoxigenic, verotoxigenic, and
enteroptahogenic) from swine, as well as of avian E. coli. Furthermore,
they aimed to investigate the possible genetic links between
tetracycline resistance and enterotoxicity in porcine enterotoxigenic
E. coli (ETEC).
Altogether 43 Salmonella
(from Hungary), and 172 E. coli strains (from USA, Austria and Hungary)
were tested by using PCR primers for the following tet typing genes:
tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetG, believed to be most frequent in these
bacteria.
As a result, the antibiotic
resistance genes of almost all Salmonella and E. coli bacteria have
been determined. The tetA gene dominated the Salmonella Hadar and the
Hungarian and Austrian E. coli strains. In contrast, tetB was the most
frequently occurring type of tet genes among the the porcine
enterotoxigenic, and verotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, VTEC) from the US.
The S. Typhimurium strains (approx. half of them DT104) contained the
tetG gene known to be part of the Salmonella genomic island (SGI), and
to be characteristic to DT104 strains.
A series of their studies
(7, 21) is briefly reviewed here, where the possible genetic links
between tetracycline resistance and enterotoxicity in porcine
postweaning ETEC the tetB gene was found to be located on a large
(approx. 90 kb) virulence plasmid (pTC). Results of sequencing studies
indicated that tetB was part of a Tn10 transposone, while the virulence
genes (encoding sta and stb enterotoxins) were localized on a 10kb
toxin specific locus (TSL) of the same plasmid. This TSL was proven to
be part of a larger pathogenicity island (PAI). These results indicated
that the large virulence plasmid (pTC) of porcine ETEC does not only
carry the genes of heat stable enterotoxins (sta, stb), but also
carries the gene for tetracycline resistance thereby being responsible
for joint transmission of tetracycline resistance and virulence between
bacteria.
V. Kopřiva:
ORAL
IMMUNISATION AGAINST RABIES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
SITUATION OF RABIES IN SLOVAKIA
The author presents the
epidemiological situation of rabies in the Republic of Slovakia,
briefly summarising the period elapsed until the introduction of oral
vaccination of foxes, and the recent period and current situation. The
first rabies cases in domestic animals were diagnosed at the end of
19th century. During the period between 1919 and 1937 132 persons died
of rabies and 90% of rabies cases were in dogs. After the 2nd world
war, following the introduction of compulsory vaccination of dogs, the
number of rabies cases decreased significantly but from 1967 among wild
animals, especially among foxes rabies spread dramatically. Oral
vaccination of foxes started in 1992 in limited areas, and from 2000 it
was extended for the whole territory of the country by using Lyssavac
and Lysvulpen vaccines, at he beginning placing by hand, and from 2000
mainly by aircrafts. In 2004 64 rabies cases were diagnosed altogether,
among which 4 were domestic animals, 54 were foxes and 6 were other
wild animals, opposite to those in 1994 when rabies was diagnosed in
113 domestic and 402 wild animals. Data of the last 15 years proves the
significant improvement in the epidemiological situation.