Small animals
G. Kiss: Use of carprofen for the treatment of locomotor diseases of dogs. Domestic experiences / 323
A. Bánfi, P. Csendes: Regular veterinary examination of aged dogs / 330
L. Zöldág, M. Albert, Zs. Fodor, Zs. Pádár, K. Kontadakis, F. Eszes: Hereditary and pathohistological study of anasarca (congenital edema) in Hungarian English bulldog population / 335
A. Beregi, V. Molnár, Cs. Hetyei, D. Herke: Ultrasonography of turtles / 343

Bees
R. Farkas, T. Bakonyi, L. Börzsönyi, M. Rusvai: Questionnaire examination for the infection of honey-bee (Apis mellifera L.) with Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans in domestic apiaries / 348

Poultry
J. Janan, L. Bódi, L. Bárdos, K. Oppel, M. Kovács Karsai: Effect of feather plucking in geese’s blood glucose level / 354

Horse
L. Zöldág, Cs. Partali, F. Eszes: Importance of twinning in horse breeding / 360

Bovine
Th. Geishauser, K. Leslie, D. Kelton, T. Duffild: Is it worth it to screen regularly milking cows for ketosis? / 366
Addition — Remark (T. Kégl) / 369
U. Binding, G. Seemann, W. Klee: Nature and influencing of young diarrhoeic calves’ metabolic acidosis / 371

Laboratory diagnostics
I. Csáky, G. Majoros, L. Zöldág, S. Fekete: Interaction between anti-soya antibodies and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria: laser particle sizer and nephelometric studies / 375

Veterinary history
T. Gorka: Professors of Veterinary High School in the so-called Small Academy / 380

Events
Food-technology Conference (Békéscsaba, 12 September 2000) (A. Szovátay) / 382

Book review
Hellebrekers, L.J.: Pain, a practice-Orientated Approach to an Effective Pain Control (In German) (J. Kováts) / 365

G. Kiss:
USE OF CARPROFEN FOR THE TREATMENT OF LOCOMOTOR DISEASES OF DOGS. DOMESTIC EXPERIENCES

In case of locomotor diseases of dogs the options for the continuous treatment of chronic inflammation and pain has been limited so far. The non-steroid anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, carprofen (Rimadyl, Pfizer) can be used much more safely than its precedents. In the article the data of 427 dogs treated with carprofen in 104 veterinary surgeries are elaborated. 65% of veterinary questionnaires were sent back together with the questionnaires containing the opinion of the owners. 46% of the treated dogs were of large breed and a body weight of 30 kg on average and 8–12 years old. Occurrence of males among the patients was double than that of females. 72% of the patients were treated continuously for a month or longer. 87% of the dogs had severe or medium degree lameness. 86% of the changes were chronic, 44% were localised to the hip joint, 21% to the spinal chord, 21% to other joints (shoulder, elbow, mandible). On the basis of veterinarians’ opinion 76% of the cases improved well and significantly, in case of owners’ opinion this was 79%. In case of 85% of the treated cases improvement started on the first week. The veterinarians treated acute changes (panostitis, luxation) in 13% of the 427 patients and tumours (bone tumour) in 1% of them. The veterinarians observed temporary vomiting as side effect in 2% of the 427 treated cases, temporary diarrhoea in 1.6% and decreased or increased appetite in 3%. Domestic results support the effectiveness and safety of carprofen for the continuous treatment of dogs suffering from chronic locomotor disease and for the improvement their life quality.

A. Bánfi – P. Csendes:
REGULAR VETERINARY EXAMINATION OF AGED DOGS

With the increase of average age of animals the veterinarians can expect more and more sick aged patients. Through the early detection of the diseases a higher-level veterinary medical care could be established if the aged patients are screened regularly. Screening involves clinical examination and routine laboratory examination. The aim is to have a thorough, informative picture about dog’s health state and that the costs remain at a low level.

L. Zöldág – M. Albert – Zs. Fodor – Zs. Pádár – K. Kontadakis – F. Eszes:
HEREDITARY AND PATHOHISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF ANASARCA (CONGENITAL EDEMA) IN HUNGARIAN ENGLISH BULLDOG POPULATION

Demand for high quality breeding stock is continously increasing among dog breeders and requires familiarity with genetic disorders and their control. In preventive veterinary medicine genetic counceling is of gaining importance.
In the offsprings of eight British Bulldog stud dogs the prevalance of generalized edema was studied (Figure 1 and 2). As a result of test matings with randomly selected bitches only two males were declared free of the inborn disorder (Table 2). In one male (number7) a high grade affectedness (48% anasarca, 24% palatoschisis) was found. In the Hungarian Bulldog population the ratio of animals with genetic disorders is high.
Among the offsprings of the studied males 42 puppies were subjected to pathological examination. Out of 42 puppies 35 died of anasarca including 27 females and 8 males. The body weight of the puppies varied between 250–710 g. The combined weight of lungs and heart was 4.4–14.2 g, while kidneys weighted 1.9–4.4 g (Table 3). Autopsy and histopathological examination showed multiple factors in developing anasarca. In the hearts muscle hypoplasia and inborn defects, ventricular stenosis, aorta stenosis, truncus pulmonalis stenosis, Fallot tetralogy, valve defects were found. In the lungs and the kidneys hypoplasia was diagnosed (Figure 3). In some cases of anasarca hypofunction of thyroid gland was also diagnosed (Figure 4). Apart from the above mentioned developmental abnormalities in 14 cases other developmental disorders were seen in the puppies (8 palatoschisis, 4 laryngal hypoplasia, 2 hypoplasia of the epiglottis).
The similar phenotypic (as general edema) expression of different organ (heart and kidneys) defects and organ systems support the heterogenetic nature of anasarca. The general edema might be a result of more recessive gene mutations or structural chromosomal abberations. The reults support the inborn nature of anasarca, but further studies (karyotype and DNA analysis) are needed to find the mode of inheritance.

A. Beregi – V. Molnár – Cs. Hetyei – D. Herke:
ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF TURTLES

By the ultrasonographic examination of turtles, veterinary clinicians may obtain additional information that can be used in diagnostic and therapeutic work. The authors summarise the basic technical conditions of ultrasound examinations, analyse the echoanatomy of the organs in the coelomic cavity. They mention the difficulty of the examination as well: the transducer must follow the size of the carapax and plastron, only turtles in size of 20–30 cm can be examined.

R. Farkas – T. Bakonyi – L. Börzsönyi – M. Rusvai:
QUESTIONNAIRE EXAMINATION FOR THE INFECTION OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.) WITH VARROA JACOBSONI OUDEMANS IN DOMESTIC APIARIES

The authors examined with questionnaires the importance of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans infection in Hungarian apiaries, the control of this parasitosis and the judgement of its effectiveness by the bee-keepers themselves. The 141 answerers corresponded to 39.1% of those asked. On the basis of answers coming from all regions of the country the mite infection is present in all apiaries. Most of the answerers consider varroosis as the most important disease because it causes not rarely the rapid collapse and destruction of wintering colonies. Others consider the control very expensive without experiencing the necessary effectiveness. In each apiaries treatment is carried out at least once a year with different acaricide products. Most of them use Bayvarol and Antivar A. U. V. products and besides Perizin, Varroacid, Apivar, Api-life-var, Gabon PA 92 and Apistan was mentioned. 88.6% of the bee-keepers carry out the checks after the treatment but 23.4% of the answerers do not consider the control of mites effective. On the basis of these data the authors discuss the importance of mite infection and the difficulties in control with chemicals.

J. Janan – L. Bódi – L. Bárdos – K. Oppel – M. Kovács Karsai:
EFFECT OF FEATHER PLUCKING IN GEESE’S BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of plucking on plasma glucose level of growing geese.
The experiments were carried out on Babat Grey Landes and Babat Hungarian Upgraded breeds at the Szent István University, Goose Breeding Centre of Babat, Gödöllõ, Hungary. In the first experiment both breeds and both sexes were divided in 5 groups (natural moulting or control group, feather plucking; antistress drug in the drinking water and plucking; apparent plucking; antistress drug in the drinking water and apparent plucking) at 14 weeks of age, before the 2nd plucking.
During ‘apparent plucking’ the geese were treated in a similar way to that of plucking – holding in hand etc. – but the feather itself was not plucked. Blood samples were taken from every geese one hour before plucking, one hour and one week after plucking, and at 21 weeks of age. Body weight was measured at every blood sampling.
In the second experiment they measured the glucose level at every 10 minutes for 50 minutes after plucking.
The results show that the blood glucose level of geese is changed between 7.76–13.7 mmol/l. There was no significant difference between breeds and sexes in this regard neither before nor after plucking in all groups, and no significant difference was observed between the plucked and control groups. On the other hand there was difference between individuals, probably because of the individual differences in sensitivity to handling.
It can be concluded with big probability that the carbohydrate metabolism of geese is not effected significantly by feather plucking.

L. Zöldág – Cs. Partali – F. Eszes:
IMPORTANCE OF TWINNING IN HORSE BREEDING

Twinning is highly undesirable, even considered to be a pathological condition in horse. In most cases twin pregnancies terminate in abortion, stillbirth, perinatal losses, or delivery of weak and deformed foals. Genetic factors, feeding, intrauterine nutrition, age and possibly uterine size influences the occurrence of twinning in mares. Data of breeding (pedigree analysis) from 1963 to 1994 and of twinning reproduction management (sonographic and rectal diagnosis, prostaglandin induced embryonic death and restrected feeding) from 1995 to 2000 were collected and analysed in a Hungarian Thoroughbred stud. High twinning rate (4%) was succesfully managed and decreased for 1% without selection of twinners. A hereditary predisposition (frequent twinnning) was revealed and proved in various mare family lines and amoung doughters of presumbly carrier stallions (Table and Figure). A possible mode of inheritance (major gene?) as well as genetic and other practical methods of twinning prevention are discussed in details.

I. Csáky – G. Majoros – L. Zöldág– S. Fekete:
INTERACTION BETWEEN ANTI-SOYA ANTIBODIES AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BACTERIA: LASER PARTICLE SIZER AND NEPHELOMETRIC STUDIES

The interaction of alimentary soya antigens and their antibodies was studied with protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus and protein G containing Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria by laser particle counter and scanning electronmicroscopy. According to the laser particle counter study the size of S. aureus bacterial aggregates reduce their size in the presence of anti-soya antibodies and soya antigens. The results of the laser particle counter measurements was supported by scanning electron microscopy. The desaggregated bacteria maintain their ability to propagate. A similar phenomenon was observed in S. aureus-anti-soya antibody-egg white antigen system. No similar reaction was observed if the system included S. agalactiae instead of S.aureus. The relationship between these interactions and the skin reactions in alimentary antigen challenges is unknown.