Clinics located in the main campus in István street:

The Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine includes the Ambulatory Section (in Building “B”), the Diagnostic Unit for instrumental examination such as ECG, ultrasonography, endoscopy (in building “A”), the Clinicopathological Laboratory which serves as a central diagnostic laboratory for all small animal clinics, the Microbiological Section (both in building “O”) and the Small Animal Hospital (in building “P”).

The Ambulatory division houses a consulting room for the primary care of first opinion cases including dogs, cats, pet birds, rodents and reptiles, a consulting and therapeutic room for outdoor internal cases of dogs and cats during the working hours, as well as for the night duty service; and a room for special examination and minor surgery for exotic pets. A waiting room and the administrative division for central, computerized admission of patients coming to all clinics are also located here. The instrumentation of the Ambulatory Division includes an X-ray (dentistry) instrument (type TUR) for small exotic animals, one three-channel ECG instrument (type RF Bioset 300), an EE Erbotom electrocauter, a KaVo set for dentistry, a portable ultrasound machine (type SIM 7000 CFM), an inhalation anaesthetic system (Fluotec Ohmeda evaporator + Hoek Loos redactor), and a VETTEST 8008 biochemistry analyser (France) for determination of blood biochemical parameters.

The Diagnostic Unit for instrumental examination has a small waiting room, a room for endoscopy on small animals, another for electrocardiography and one for ultrasonography of small animals. The following instruments serve for diagnostic purposes: Panther 2002 ultrasound instrument (Brüel & Kjaer, Denmark) for abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography (including M-mode, 2D, spectral Doppler and color Doppler echocardiography, equipped with electrical phased-array transducers of 3,5-7,0 MHz, three-channel electrocardiographic machine (Schiller, Switzerland), endovision endoscopic system (Storz, Germany) for respiratory, gastrointestinal and laparoscopic endoscopy.

 The Clinicopathological Diagnostic Laboratory includes two rooms for routine laboratory analyses of the blood, urine, cytology samples, ruminal fluid and faeces.

This unit has a student’s laboratory for 20 students equipped with a portable video projector, as well as with slide and overhead projection facilities, 8 microscopes and it also includes a social room and a sanitary unit for the laboratory staff.

The Microbiological Section performs mycological and bacteriological examinations for all clinics and for the public. Its most important instruments are #

The small animal hospital has three sub‑units: an intensive care unit, a non-infectious and an infections section. The non-infectious unit includes three examination rooms (two of them are serving also for group work with students, and one of them for housing cats) and one ward for dogs. This unit houses a kitchen and a storage room as well, a room for students and interns performing afternoon and night duty service in the intensive care station, and a resting room for non-academic staff. ABL 550 Blood gas analyzer (Denmark, Copenhagen), hematocrit centrifuge, and portable instrument for blood sugar determination serve for fast laboratory analysis of intensive care patients.

One building (“O”) of the Department of Internal Medicine includes a lecture room for 120 students equipped with a built in video projector and computer system, as well as with double-slide projection, and an overhead projector. Computerized multimedia projection is regularly provided in this lecture room which is shared with other departments. The lecture room is also used for clinical demonstrations of patients. The computer in the lecture room is connected to the network of the FVSB (intranet), which provides an access to the Internet as well, and to the electronic databases of the Central Library of FVSB. The latter facilities are applied during lectures and clinical demonstrations of internal medicine.

The administrative division and working rooms of the academic staff are located on the first floor of building “A”, above the former large animal hospital of internal medicine and surgery.

The Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction has its Small Animal Hospital (on the ground floor of building “M”) which has 2 examination rooms for ambulatory and hospitalized pets, one of them is air-conditioned. The hospital is equipped with cold light vaginoscope, with small size vaginoscope, and with a microscope for vaginal cytology. There is also a room for ultrasonography (Pie Medical Scanner 250) with 5 MHz and 7.5 MHz sector transducers. The operation unit of the hospital includes one room for anaesthesia and treatments before and after obstetrical surgery, a digital scale for weight control, two operation-rooms with two hydraulic operating tables, two air-condition equipments (Samsung) and two inhalation narcosis equipment (Anestar N7) added with two Isoflurane, one Halothane, and one Sevoflurane vaporisers. Further equipments of the operation theatres: one pulse-oxymeter NONIN 8600V, one Thermocauter Mano Medical MMC 200S, and five abdominal OP sets.

There is one microhematocrite centrifuge in the room for sterilization and preparation of the instruments.

The four wards have cages for dogs and cats and places for deliveries one of them equipped with infra light heating instrument.

In addition to the clinical instrumentation, this department currently has 3 different laboratory units located on the on the first floor of building “M” (lab for clinical diagnostics, unit for clinical endocrinology and reproductive pathology), and on the second floor of the building “N” (unit for clinical andrology and biotechnology). All of these units are used to support the under- and postgraduate education and the efficacy of the relevant clinical activity, and are furnished as follows:

Laboratory for clinical diagnostics (existing since 1996): microplate photometer (Multiscan RC, Thermo Labsytems) with on-line computer connection (automatic calculation with Ascent sw.), peristaltic pump (Masterflex L/S), microplate washer (Opsys) and shaker (Thermo Labysytems), freeze-dryer (Jouan LP3), high capacity refrigerated centrifuge (Jouan BR4i), laboratory water bath (Jouan), laminar box (Jouan MSC 12), CO2 thermostat (Jouan 150), inverted microscope (Nikon), water purification system (Milli-RO and Milli-Q RG, Millipore), laboratory dishwasher (Miele), -70 ºC deep freezer (New Brunswick).

Unit for clinical andrology and biotechnology (existing since 1997): Phase-contrast microscope completed with videorecorder, monitor (Olympus), stereo microscope (Wild), CO2 thermostats (Juan IG 150, Heraeus), high-performance laboratory centrifuge (Heraus), cell freezers (Biocool, Planer), endoscope completed with videorecorder (Olympus), automatic semen analyser (CASA, Medealab), containers for liquid N2, laminar box (Holten).

Unit for clinical endocrinology and reproductive pathology (existing since 1989): fully furnished labs for 3H-RIA, 125I-RIA and ELISA methods, with the following main equipments: liquid scintillation beta counter (Beckman LS 1701), gamma counter (Wizard-5, Wallac - Pharmacia & Upjohn), a microplate photometer (Bio-Tek EL 311s); all three counters with online computer connection for automatic calculation and data management sw. (Multicalc, Wallac - Pharmacia & Upjohn); high capacity refrigerated centrifuges (Beckman GPR and Beckman J6-C) for RIA methods; microplate washer and shaker incubator (Kodak-Amersham) for ELISA methods.

The administrative division and working rooms of the academic staff are located on the first floor of the building “M”, above the former large and the currently used small animal hospital of obstetrics. One seminar room equipped with overhead and slide projectors and a video recorder for students is also located here.

The Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology includes the Ambulatory and Consulting Unit, the Operating Block (Orthopaedics and Soft Tissue), the Division of Radiology (all in Building “B”), the Block of Computed Tomography (in building “A”, but functionally belonging to the Division of Radiology), and the Small Animal Hospital of Surgery (Building “P”).

The Ambulatory and Consulting Unit has a waiting room and three consulting rooms for ophthalmologic and surgical small animal patients. There is one more examination room used mostly for emergency examination and treatment (operated as “septic operating room”). The most important instruments belonging to this unit are:

• 5 examination tables (Eickemeyer);
• ambulatory examination facilities (e.g. thermometers, forceps, otoscopes, stetoscopes, orogastric tubes etc.);
• wardrobes fitted with the mostly used instruments, medicines and drugs;
• 4 sets of basic surgical instruments for emergency wound closure;
• 1 complete ophthalmologic examination set (ophthalmoscope, fundus camera, Tonopen etc) for special ophthalmologic consultation;
• 1  ultracentrifuge;
• 1  Technicon (Ames) RA-50 Chemistry Analyser;
• 4 PCs (patient data recording)

 The Operating Block consists of three parts: one for soft tissue and ophthalmologic interventions; one for orthopaedic- and neurosurgery; and one for students’ practical in operative surgery. The first two parts has the same structure: one preparation room for the surgeons (scrubbing-in room) and for the surgical instruments, one air-conditioned operating theatre and one room for pre- and postoperative care. The practical operating theatre has no preparing rooms. Facilities of the Operating Block are:

• 5 operating tables;
• 7 anaesthetic machines (Anestar-7): 2 Sevoflurane vaporisers, 4 Isoflurane vaporisers, 7 Halothan vaporisers (some anaesthetic machines have 2 or 3 vaporisers)
• 4 pulse-oxymeters (Datex-Ohmeda);
• 4 electrocautery devices (Erbotom - Erbe);
• 1 suction device (Aesculap);
• 1 human E.N.T. operating microscope (Carl Zeiss);
• 14 basic surgical intrumentation sets plus 3 sets for students’ practicals;
• 2 GI instrument sets;
• 1 thoracic surgery set;
• 1 vascular surgery set;
• 1 microsurgical set;
• 2 basic ophthalmologic sets;
• 2 basic AO-Vet Small Animal instrumentation sets (Synthes);
• 4 air-drills (Synthes), 3 oscillating saws (Synthes)
• 1 mini AO set (Synthes);
• 1 Total Hip Replacement set (Juhász);
• 1 Varisation Osteotomy set;
• 1 video arthroscopic set (Dr. Fritz);
• 1 digital video recorder (Canon);
• 1 digital camera (Nikon)

 Division of Radiology (with the same waiting room as that belonging to the Ambulatory and Consulting Unit) consists of the exposition room, one room for setting up the exposure factors, one darkroom, one room for archive radiographs and photography, and two rooms for staff. The Computer Tomography Unit is located in the building “A”. The facilities belonging to the Radiology are:

• 2 X-ray machines (generator, X-ray tube, control panel etc.);
• 1 Computer Tomography machine (General Electric);
• 2 anesthetic machines with 2 Halothan and 1 Isoflurane vaporisers;
• 1 automatic developer machine;
• 1 PC (for patient data recording)

The Small Animal Hospital of Surgery is located in building “P”. There are two wards for dogs and one for cats, two storage rooms, one examination room for treatments with three examination tables and wardrobes, and one room for students’ practical lessons with an operating table and two instrumentation set for practical student work in operative surgery.

The further part of building “B” of the Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology includes a lecture room for 80 students equipped with video projector connected to a built-in computer, as well as with double-slide projection possibility, and overhead projector. Computerized multimedia presentations are regularly provided in this lecture room shared with some other departments. The lecture room can be used for clinical demonstrations of patients as well. The administrative division and working rooms of the academic staff are located also in the building “B”.

The Clinic for Large Animals at Üllő

This new clinic was opened in 2001 on the same ground of the outfield station of FVSB at Üllő (Dóra major) and it serves for keeping and treating large animals both on an ambulatory and hospitalization basis. (See enclosed map of the building.) The large animal clinic is situated 35 km from the main campus (István street), and has a good highway connection to Budapest. Due to its central location within Hungary, and its close proximity to some motorways it provides an easy access for owners to transport their large animals to the clinic. However, it is located 4 km from the nearest place with railway station, which makes student and staff access and transport rather complicated. A regular local bus system and an own minibus serve for this purpose, in addition to private vehicles owned by most clinicians and some students. . During the semesters a hired bus takes the students from the central bus station of Budapest (Üllői street) to Üllő in the morning and back in the afternoon.

On the ground floor of the clinic two operation theatres and two recovery rooms (narcotic boxes) serve for surgical interventions (incl. abdominal, orthopaedic, and other soft tissue surgery) on horses. Septic and aseptic interventions can be performed in two different theatres, however, these two rooms are not fully separated from each others. Examination and teaching rooms for internal patients, as well as for reproduction are also located here, the latter serving for bovine surgery, as well. A separated block for radiology and computer tomography, and a well-equipped clinicopathological laboratory serve for diagnostic and teaching purposes. Large animals are housed in several, separated stables with convenient boxes. Some of the stables have direct access to paddocks, where animals can be kept even freely or exercised.

The first floor of the clinic houses the administrative division, a library and conference room, two rooms for seminars, several working rooms for staff members (also for overnight duty), as well as students, and interns, and a kitchen for the staff.

In addition, there is a lecture room for 100 students, equipped with slide projection and providing facilities for multimedia presentations. Living patients can also be demonstrated here.

The Large Animal Clinic is equipped with nearly all technical facilities of a modern large animal clinic. The most important instruments of the clinic are listed below.

• Inhalation machine, 2 sets (LAVC-2000, Arisona USA,)
• HP anaesthetic monitor (HP Vindia 26C, USA)
• HP anaesthetic gas monitor /anaesthetic gas module/: (HP CMS/24, USA)
• Laparoscopic set (Olympus)
• Arthroscopic set (Olympus)
• Video endoscope set with 3 endoscopes of different size (Olympus)
• Holter ECG device with connection to PC (ArguSys FD, Innomed Medical Ltd. Hungary)
• Ultrasound instrument, Hawk 2102 (Brüel & Kjaer Medical, Denmark) for abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography including M-mode, two-dimensional, spectral and Colour Doppler facilities, equipped with 3,0; 5,0 and 7,0 MHz electronic phased array sector transducers
• Portable ultrasound machines (Aloka, and Pie Medical) with 5,0 to 7,0 MHz transducers
• Digital X-ray instrument (Philips), with Easy Vision processing program
• Computer tomographic instrument, Tomoscan AV (Philips)
• Abacus haematological automatic analyser (Diatron, Hungary)
• BTS-330 Biochemical semiautomatic photometer (BioSystems, Hungary)
• LAB-Analyse biochemical semiautomatic analyser (Orvostechnika Kft, Hungary)
• ABL 330 blood-gas analyzer (Radiometer, Copenhagen)
• EML 100 electrolyte analyzer (Radiometer, Copenhagen)
• Coatron M2 coagulometer (Dialab, Austria)
• Mustang 2000 treadmill instrument for horses (Graber AG, Switzerland)
• Computer aided sperm  analyzing system (Minitübe GmBh, Germany )

Next to the Large Animal Clinic, there is a modern pathology division opened in 2001. On the first floor of this building 6 rooms (apartments) can house altogether 12 guests or students, and two rooms for offices.

The most important instruments of the pathology division are listed below.

Instruments	Manufacturer	Country of origin
Thermo Shandon Finese 325 Rotary Microtome	Thermo Shandon	England
Shandon Hypercenter XP with Tissue Processor (computer-controlled, fluid-transfer tissue processor with automated fixation, dehydration, clearing and paraffin infiltration of tissue specimens)	Thermo Shandon	England
Shandon Grosslab Junior Grossing Station (work station for the gross examination and sectioning of specimens)	Thermo Shandon	England
Kunz WD-4C Paraffin Dispenser CP-4 Cooling Plate TM-1 Thermo-Module FH-4 Forceps Heater	Kunz	Denmark
Olympus BX 41 microscope	Olympus	Japan
Biotek 808 ELISA reader	Biotek	USA

The information to be entered here is the number of animals that can be accommodated, not the number of animals used.

Certain premises may be used to accommodate different species of animal. If so, the same premises should be entered only once.

PREMISES FOR ANIMALS

Forms and types of practicing surgical methods on large animals like castrations, ovariectomy in pigs, laparatomy, surgery of upper respiratory tract, operations on hoof and claws, wound management, dentistry.

Forms and types of practicing obstetrical and gynaecological methods on large animals like Caesarean section in cows and sows, foetotomy, vasectomy, teat surgery.

As the number and composition of clinical farm animal cases do not meet the teaching requirements and unsuitable to practice clinical methods, the FVSB has to buy and keep animals for education. In 2001, altogether18 horses, 38 cattle, 18 swine and 14 small ruminants had to be bought and kept for months. In 2002, for the same purpose 18 horses, 40 cattle, 18 swine and 14 small ruminants were purchased, this fact burdens greatly the budget.

In order to reduce the costs, the livestock of Experimental Institute of the faculty is also used intensively for training purposes, and most of the farm animals are sold after using for about 4 months.

Routine veterinary interventions like blood sampling, rectal palpation, introduction of uterine catheters or oesophageal cannulae, collecting ruminal fluid, hoof and claw care, etc. can be trained at Üllő (experimental farm + clinic) for the students.

As far as normal small animals for teaching purposes are concerned, dogs and cats are kept and replaced in 6-month intervals in the hospital of the Department of Internal Medicine in proper wards and paddocks, by keeping all the relevant regulations, and supervised by the Committee on Animals Experiments of FVSB. In the year 2001, 4 dogs and 4 cats were bought for these purposes by the clinic. In the year 2002, the number of dogs and cats bought were 5 and 4, respectively.

In the Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003, cadavers of dogs collected from the three clinical departments and stored in a dedicated refrigerator were used, respectively, in order to let the students practice basic surgical interventions and operations according to the topics of the surgery practical lessons. Surgical demonstrations (e.g. examination, intravenous catheterisation, intratracheal intubation, etc.) were carried out by using the clinics’ actual patients. However, operating normal living animals just for practicing was not allowed for students because of the strong ethical aspects of animal welfare and protection.

In the Clinic of Obstetrics, and Reproduction dogs and cats received from animal welfare organizations (charities) are used for students to assist in performing ovario-hysterectomy. In the year 2001, 89 dogs and 14 cats were used for this intervention. In the year 2002, the number of dogs yielded 50 and that of cats 1, respectively.